Tag Archives: java8

eclipse and line wrapping

Posted on by
Reply

Last month, a co-worker referenced an Eclipse setting that I wish I’ve known about for years.  With streams, I typically indent code like:

1
2
3
4
5
list.stream().filter(j -> j.disabled)
 
.map(j -> j.name)
 
.forEach(System.out::println);

Then I’d let Eclipse format the code and it would turn into a one (or two) line wall of text. I’ve been “solving” that problem by adding comments before some of the methods so Eclipse couldn’t wrap it. Some of those comments are useful for those new to streams. However many are redundant. You probably don’t need a comment that the last line outputs :).

Then my co-worker taught me that there is an Eclipse setting to control the line breaks. Wish this was on by default!

How to configure

If you don’t already have a custom Eclipse formatter:

  1. Eclipse preferences
  2. Java > Code Style > Formatter
  3. New
  4. Enter a name
  5. Click ok

Control line breaks

  1. Edit the profile
  2. Line wrapping tab
  3. Check “Never join already wrapped lines”

OCA/OCP 8 Programmer Practice Tests AVAILABLE NOW!

Posted on by
2

Jeanne and I are really excited to announce that our new book OCA / OCP Practice Tests: Exam 1Z0-808 and Exam 1Z0-809 is now shipping. In fact, we just received our copies today! The book is available in both print and digital formats from Amazon and other major book retailers. In addition, purchasing this book grants the holder access to Sybex’s interactive test bank!

This book serves as worthwhile companion to our previous two books, now available as set, The OCA / OCP Certification Kit. With this book you are really getting two books in one, as Jeanne and I packed over 1000+ questions into this text, covering both the OCA and OCP exams. To better prepare you for test day, we also threw in two simulated OCA/OCP exams. Whether your taking the OCA exam now and thinking about the OCP exam down the road, or taking the OCP exam and need a refresher on the cumulative material, this book has got you covered!

This book covers 100% of all exam objectives in these practice tests, which means you’ll be ready for:

  • Java basics, class design, and data types
  • Using decision and loop constructs
  • Building and using arrays
  • Methods, encapsulation, and inheritance
  • Mastering Java Streams
  • Working with the Date/Time API and Localization
  • Understanding design patterns and principles
  • Writing Lambda expressions and functional interfaces
  • Exceptions and assertions
  • Java File I/O (NIO.2)
  • Concurrency and localization
  • JDBC and database applications

Jeanne and I put a lot of time, energy, and planning into this new book and we really hope our reader enjoy it!

refactoring legacy code for java 8

Posted on by
Reply

I asked a teammate at CodeRanch if I could use a method he wrote to show how it could be written more clearly/succinctly in Java 8. He said yes. This is the original method. It is 95 lines and has a cyclomatic complexity of 27.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
public static Map<Category, List<Forum>> getBetaTopForums(BestTopicsDAO bestTopicDAO, int userId, List<Topic> bestThisYear, List<Topic> secondaryBestList){
        Map<Integer, Integer> ratings = bestTopicDAO.selectForumRatingsByUserId(userId);
         
        List<Integer> forumIds = new ArrayList<>();
        List<Integer> ratedForumIds = CollectionCommon.getKeysSortedByValues(ratings, true);
        final int defaultUserId = SystemGlobals.getIntValue(ConfigKeys.BEST_TOPICS_DEFAULT_USER_ID);
         
        // Let's first add the forums that are rated above 5/10
        for(Integer forumId: ratedForumIds){
            Integer r = ratings.get(forumId);
            if(r != null && r > 5){
                forumIds.add(forumId);
            }
        }
         
        // Now let's add the forums found in best topics.
        if(bestThisYear != null){
            for(Topic topic: bestThisYear){
                int forumId = topic.getForumId();
                if(!forumIds.contains(forumId)){
                    forumIds.add(forumId);
                }
            }
        }
        if(secondaryBestList != null){
            for(Topic topic: secondaryBestList){
                int forumId = topic.getForumId();
                if(!forumIds.contains(forumId)){
                    forumIds.add(forumId);
                }
            }
        }
         
        // If this user is not the default-rating-user, let's add the top forums
        // rated by the default-rating-user.
        if(userId != defaultUserId) {
            Collection<Integer> fids = getTopRatedForumIds(bestTopicDAO);
            for(Integer fid: fids) {
                if(fid != null && !forumIds.contains(fid)) {
                    forumIds.add(fid);
                }
            }
        }
         
         
        // Let's also add some forums found in hot topics.
        List<Topic> tmpTopics = TopicRepository.getHottestTopics();
        for(Topic topic: tmpTopics){
            int forumId = topic.getForumId();
            if(!forumIds.contains(forumId)){
                forumIds.add(forumId);
            }
        }
         
        // Finally, let's add the forums that were rated below 6/10
        for(Integer forumId: ratedForumIds){
            Integer r = ratings.get(forumId);
            if(r != null && r < 6 && !forumIds.contains(forumId)){
                forumIds.add(forumId);
            }
        }
         
        Map<Category, List<Forum>> forums = new LinkedHashMap<>();
         
        PermissionControl pc = SecurityRepository.get(userId);
         
        final int maxTopForums = SystemGlobals.getIntValue(ConfigKeys.BETA_VIEW_MAX_TOP_FORUMS_IN_HOME);
        int forumsToShow = 0;
         
        // We need to remove the forums that are not visible, or rated 0/10
        for(Integer forumId: forumIds){
            if(pc.canAccess(SecurityConstants.PERM_FORUM, String.valueOf(forumId))){
                Forum f = ForumRepository.getForum(forumId);
                Category c = f != null ? ForumRepository.getCategory(f.getCategoryId()) : null;
                if(f != null && c != null && f.isShowInForumList()){
                     
                    if(++forumsToShow > maxTopForums){
                        break;
                    }
                     
                    List<Forum> fs;
                    if(forums.containsKey(c)){
                        fs = forums.get(c);
                    }else{
                        fs = new ArrayList<>();
                        forums.put(c, fs);
                    }
                    fs.add(f);
                }
            }
        }
        return forums;
         
    }

First step – write unit tests

First, I wrote unit tests for the existing code to ensure I didn’t break anything. While doing that, I did some minor refactorings. (I didn’t do extract method to make the method shorter since I knew I’d be updating that later). What I did change:

  1. Removed BestTopicsDAO as a parameter. It comes from a factory and we have a mock framework setup for that factory already. So there was no reason it had to be a parameter
  2. Renamed bestThisYear to primaryBestList. (It doesn’t always represent the best for the year)

I couldn’t get 100% test coverage because a few of the null checks were unreachable due to early logic (in the helper methods.) I left them in to see the effect they’d have on conversion.

Refactoring to Java 8 – Getting started

There’s a lot of for loops here. And I suspect they are very similar. Let’s start with the first one:

1
2
3
4
5
6
for(Integer forumId: ratedForumIds){
  Integer r = ratings.get(forumId);
  if(r != null && r > 5){
    forumIds.add(forumId);
  }
}

I converted this to a helper method and a stream:

1
2
3
4
forumIds.addAll(ratedForumIds.stream().filter(id -> {
  Integer r = ratings.get(id);
  return r != null && r > 5;
}).collect(Collectors.toList()));

I’ll grant you that this code isn’t shorter than the original code. It is more similar in form to the code I expect to write next though.  Also, it’s not easier to read given I didn’t extract the two line lambda. I’m going to do that after I get rid of the similar for loops.

The next refactoring

The next one is interesting. It’s just a for loop and if statement which is easy to rewrite.

1
2
3
4
5
6
for(Topic topic: primaryBestList){
  int forumId = topic.getForumId();
  if(!forumIds.contains(forumId)){
    forumIds.add(forumId);
  }
}

which is equivalent to

1
2
3
4
forumIds.addAll(primaryBestList.stream()
  .map(Topic::getForumId)
  .filter(f -> ! forumIds.contains(f))
  .collect(Collectors.toList()));

However, it is interesting because it check if the forum is already in forumIds. This shouldn’t be necessary as it is something a data structure could do. We need a data structure that is both a list (preserves order) and a set (checks for uniqueness.) Enter LinkedHashSet. It’s a set and preserves the insertion order. The JavaDoc even specifies that if you add the same element again, the order doesn’t change. Perfect. Switching forumIds to a LinkedHashSet allows for getting rid of the filter intermediate operation. And the unit tests still work.  I used the same techniques for the next five for loops.

Time to use methods

I converted two methods that had to do with ratings and three that were straight conversions.  I could have one common method they all use with identities for the filter/map that don’t apply. Two methods would be clearer. Giving me:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
private static void addForumIds(Collection<Integer> forumIds, List<Topic> candidates) {
  if (candidates != null) {
    List<Integer> toAdd = candidates.stream().map(Topic::getForumId).collect(Collectors.toList());
    forumIds.addAll(toAdd);
  }
}
 
private static void addForumIds(Collection<Integer> forumIds, Collection<Integer> candidates, Predicate<Integer> predicate) {
  if (candidates != null) {
    List<Integer> toAdd = candidates.stream().filter(predicate).collect(Collectors.toList());
    forumIds.addAll(toAdd);
  }
}

The last one

The last chunk of code needed more refactoring to take care of all the forum filtering logic first. It also needed a mutable object for the counter rather than a primitive so it could be updated inside a lambda.

Conclusion

I could refactor this more. There’s duplication in the two lambdas. And I could extract more code into separate methods. Interestingly, the total code base is about the same as before. (It’s actually three lines longer, but I have more than three lines of comments.) But the method with the main logic is shorter and far less complicated:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
public static Map<Category, List<Forum>> getBetaTopForums(int userId, List<Topic> primaryBestList, List<Topic> secondaryBestList){
        BestTopicsDAO bestTopicDAO = DataAccessDriver.newBestTopicDAO();
        Map<Integer, Integer> ratings = bestTopicDAO.selectForumRatingsByUserId(userId);
         
        Collection<Integer> forumIds = new LinkedHashSet<>();
        List<Integer> ratedForumIds = CollectionCommon.getKeysSortedByValues(ratings, true);
        final int defaultUserId = SystemGlobals.getIntValue(ConfigKeys.BEST_TOPICS_DEFAULT_USER_ID);
         
        // Let's first add the forums that are rated above 5/10
         addForumIds(forumIds, ratedForumIds, id -> {
            Integer r = ratings.get(id);
            return r != null && r > 5;
        });
         
        // Now let's add the forums found in best topics.
        addForumIds(forumIds, primaryBestList);
        addForumIds(forumIds, secondaryBestList);
           
        // If this user is not the default-rating-user, let's add the top forums
        // rated by the default-rating-user.
        if(userId != defaultUserId) {
            Collection<Integer> fids = getTopRatedForumIds(bestTopicDAO);
            addForumIds(forumIds, fids, id -> id != null);
        }
         
        // Let's also add some forums found in hot topics.
        List<Topic> tmpTopics = TopicRepository.getHottestTopics();
        addForumIds(forumIds, tmpTopics);
 
        // Finally, let's add the forums that were rated below 6/10
       addForumIds(forumIds, ratedForumIds, id -> {
            Integer r = ratings.get(id);
            return r != null && r < 6;
        });
         
        Map<Category, List<Forum>> forums = new LinkedHashMap<>();
         
        PermissionControl pc = SecurityRepository.get(userId);
         
        final int maxTopForums = SystemGlobals.getIntValue(ConfigKeys.BETA_VIEW_MAX_TOP_FORUMS_IN_HOME);
        AtomicInteger countForumsToShow = new AtomicInteger(0);
         
        // We need to remove the forums that are not visible, or rated 0/10
        forumIds.stream()
             // skip if can't access forum
            .filter(id -> pc.canAccess(SecurityConstants.PERM_FORUM, String.valueOf(id)))
            // get forum
            .map(ForumRepository::getForum)
            // skip if forum not found or can't access
            .filter(f -> f != null && f.isShowInForumList())
            // get category
            .forEach(f -> addForumToCategory(forums, f, maxTopForums, countForumsToShow));
         
        return forums;
         
    }
     
    private static void addForumToCategory(Map<Category, List<Forum>> forums, Forum f, int maxTopForums,
            AtomicInteger countForumsToShow) {
        Category c = ForumRepository.getCategory(f.getCategoryId());
        if (c != null && countForumsToShow.incrementAndGet() <= maxTopForums) {
            List<Forum> fs;
            if (forums.containsKey(c)) {
                fs = forums.get(c);
            } else {
                fs = new ArrayList<>();
                forums.put(c, fs);
            }
            fs.add(f);
        }
    }
 
    private static void addForumIds(Collection<Integer> forumIds, List<Topic> candidates) {
        if (candidates != null) {
            List<Integer> toAdd = candidates.stream().map(Topic::getForumId).collect(Collectors.toList());
            forumIds.addAll(toAdd);
        }
    }
     
    private static void addForumIds(Collection<Integer> forumIds, Collection<Integer> candidates, Predicate<Integer> predicate) {
        if (candidates != null) {
            List<Integer> toAdd = candidates.stream().filter(predicate).collect(Collectors.toList());
            forumIds.addAll(toAdd);
        }   
    }